Effects of AlN on the densification and mechanical properties of pressureless-sintered SiC ceramics

In the present work, Si C ceramics was fabricated with Al N using B_4 C and C as sintering aids by a solid-state pressureless-sintered method. The effects of Al N contents on the densification, mechanical properties, phase compositions, and microstructure evolutions of as-obtained Si C ceramics were thoroughly investigated. Al N was found to promote further densification of the Si C ceramics due to its evaporation over 1800 °C,transportation, and solidification in the pores resulted from Si C grain coarsening. The highest relative density of 99.65% was achieved for Si C sample with 15.0 wt% Al N by the pressureless-sintered method at 2130 °C for 1 h in Ar atmosphere. Furthermore, the fracture mechanism for Si C ceramics containing Al N tended to transfer from single transgranular fracture mode to both transgranular fracture and intergranular fracture modes when the sample with 30.0 wt% Al N sintered at 1900 °C for 1 h in Ar. Also, Si C ceramics with 30.0 wt% Al N exhibited the highest fracture toughness of 5.23 MPa m~(1/2) when sintered at 1900 °C.     

Effect of Mo content on microstructure and stress-rupture properties of a Ni-base single crystal superalloy

The additional 1.5 wt% Mo was added in a Ni-base single crystal(SC) alloy with the composition of Ni–6.5Al–8.0Mo–2.4Cr–6.2Ta–4.9Co–1.5Re–(0.01–0.05)Y(wt%) to study the effect of Mo content on the microstructure and stress-rupture properties. The creep and stress-rupture tests under the conditions of 850 °C/500 MPa and 1100 °C/130 MPa were conducted, and the microstructure of as-cast, heat treated and stress ruptured specimens were analyzed. It was found that the 1.5 wt% Mo addition enhanced the stress-rupture lives at both intermediate(850 °C) and high(1100 °C)temperatures. The microstructure analysis showed that adding 1.5 wt% Mo in the basic alloy affected the microstructure dramatically, i.e., the Mo-rich phases formed in the specimens of as-cast and stress-ruptured specimens. It is considered that the improvement of the stress-rupture lives is duo to the strengthening effect of Mo to both γ and γ'phases and the decrease of stacking fault energy, diffusion constant and dislocation spacing. The Mo-rich phases precipitated under condition of 1100 °C/130 MPa did not affect the creep and stress-rupture properties obviously in the present study.     

桑条机械化切割技术研究评析

中国是世界第一大蚕茧和生丝的生产国与出口国,然而,劳动力价格的快速提高,增加了蚕桑产业的生产成本,降低了蚕桑生产的比较效益,致使农民从事栽桑养蚕的积极性越来越低。为解决这一问题,针对中国桑条机械化收获水平低、切割技术落后的现状,在论述桑条机械化切割过程对桑条切割截面损伤形式的基础上,分析了桑条切割技术以及其他作物茎秆切割技术发展中存在的优势和不足,指出了桑条机械化切割技术的发展方向。     

基于EMD和SVD的在线手写签名特征提取方法

为使在线手写签名认证的使用更具实用性,提出了一种基于经验模态分解(EMD)和奇异值分解(SVD)的在线手写签名特征提取方法.针对在线签名数据的坐标信息,以EMD分解所得的本征模态函数(IMF)分量为初始矩阵,并进行矩阵奇异值分解,以奇异值的能量值作为样本数据的特征分量构成用户特征向量,建立了基于支持向量数据描述(SVDD)的一类认证模型验证该方法效果.在SVC2004签名数据库上的实验结果表明:该方法提取的签名特征区分明显,使用少量的单类真实签名作为训练样本,得到FAR=3.38%,取得了较好的认证识别效果.     

公共基础设施特许经营合约与风险治理研究 —以南京长江隧道工程为例

结合南京长江隧道工程特许经营的成功实践,分析特许经营过程中的风险构成;基于公共基础设施 项目特许经营的不完全契约本质,提出恰当的风险治理结构是公共基础设施特许经营能否成功的关键因素。     

基于流-固-损伤全耦合模型的裂隙型岩溶突涌水数值模拟

岩溶地区隧道建设频遇突涌水灾害,裂隙型突涌水勘察与预测难度极大、致灾风险高。为揭示裂隙型岩溶突涌水机理与明确前兆信息,本文基于“流-固-损伤”耦合模型对裂隙型岩溶突涌水致灾机理与临界条件展开研究。通过公式推演与多场耦合数值分析得到以下结论：(1)建立了完整的“流-固-损伤”耦合裂隙型岩溶突涌水致灾机理数学模型,并论证其可行性与合理性;(2)分析了不同溶腔水压工况下,隧道拱顶围岩位移演化规律。结果表明,裂隙型岩溶突涌水与富水溶腔水压高度相关;(3)分析了临界突水条件下围岩特性,提出了“缓慢增长段-快速增长段-位移失控段”的三阶段裂隙型岩溶突涌水围岩位移演化规律。     

Growth, photosynthesis and podophyllotoxin accumulation of Dysosma versipellis in response to a light gradient and conservation implications

Dysosma versipellis (Hance) M. Cheng ex Ying (Berberidaceae) is a rare and vulnerable, perennial herb endemic to China with pharmaceutical significance. Increasing habitat loss and over-exploitation of the plant has severely affected the plant’s in situ conservation, necessitating ex situ conservation and commercial cultivation. The light regime is a critical environmental factor contributing to successful ex situ conservation via efficient production of biomass and secondary metabolites. We investigated th...     

Emission inventories of primary particles and pollutant gases for China

Detailed high-resolution emission inventories of primary particles(PM2.5,BC and OC) and pollutant gases(SO2,NOx,NH3,CO and VOCs) for China in 2007 were constructed on the basis of the latest fuel consumption data,mostly at the county level,and from socio-economic statistics and data on fossil and biomass fuels obtained from government agencies.New emission factors reflecting local features were also used.The calculated emissions were 13.212 Mt PM2.5,1.4 Mt BC,2.946 Mt OC,31.584 Mt SO2,23.248 Mt NOx,16.017 Mt NH3,164.856 Mt CO and 35.464 Mt VOCs.The national and regional emissions were gridded with 0.5°× 0.5° resolution for use in air quality models.Larger emissions were found in eastern and central China than in western China.The emissions estimated here are roughly equal to those obtained in previous studies,but with different contributions from because of seasonal changes in residential heating and biomass combustion.Finally,uncertainties in inventories were analyzed.     

基于维基语义的多文档文摘研究

多文档文摘作为自然语言处理领域的重要技术之一,能从不同角度辅助用户实现高效的信息获取.由于文档集合内的内容往往来自不同的信息源,文本之间通常存在丰富而复杂的语义关系.常用的基于词的文档表示法,难以为文摘的语义分析过程提供充足而准确的数据信息.为此,我们提出使用维基百科——当今世界最大的在线概念语料库——为多文档文摘的提取提供语义支持.一方面,我们通过提取文档中的维基概念,生成准确一致的句子表示形式.另一方面,在计算句子特征时,我们利用维基词条的首段指导机器文摘的提取.我们首先通过计算概念在维基中的全局相关性和当前文档集内的局部相关性,获取概念的权重.然后在维基概念表示的基础上,为文档中的句子提取多种基于维基的特征,并最后用于文摘生成.在实验中,我们依次用各个维基特征独立生成文摘,并使用ROUGE(Recall-Oriented Understudy for Gisting Evaluation,面向召回率的要点评估)指标评价文摘质量.通过比较,实验验证了维基词条首段能较好的提升文摘质量.     

职前小学科学教师的专业发展

职前小学科学教师专业发展是教师终身专业发展的基础阶段。为了促进职前小学科学教师专业发展,提出改革与职前小学科学教师专业发展不适应的课程设置,培养职前小学科学教师自主专业发展意识,加强教育实践和教育研究,从而加速职前小学科学教师的成长和发展。